Taxonomic name: Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder
Synonyms: Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.
Common names: bush honeysuckle, clématite de Maack (French), Maacks Heckenkirsche (German), maak's honeysuckle, tree honeysuckle
Organism type: shrub Native to eastern Asia, Lonicera maackii was introduced to the United States as an ornamental shrub. It has since become a problem by out-competing understorey plants. Lonicera maackii can be found on forest edges, fields and disturbed areas. Herbicide is used to control this plant. Description
Lonicera maackii can reach a height of 9 m. It has multiple stems and the leaves are dark-green and opposite. The stem is opposite branched and tan and could be percieved as a braided-strand. The bark often flakes off the stem. In older Lonicera maackii the stems are hollow. The leaves are ovate and oblong and have rounded to subcordate bases. They range from 3-10cm long. The petioles are 2.5-10cm long. Axillary has bracted with short-stemmed clusters and has one or more flowers. Berries are green and as they ripen they turn pink to red (Miller, 2003). The roots are fibrous and spreading (NDSU, undated). Occurs in:
natural forests, planted forests, riparian zones, ruderal/disturbed, scrub/shrublands Habitat description
Lonicera maackii can be found in fields, forest edges, and disturbed areas with canopy openings. High light availability is ideal for L. maackii to invade (Musson and Mitsch, 2002). General impacts
Native tree species have a harder time surviving with Lonicera maackii because of root competition. When L. maackii becomes dominant, tree seedlings and herbaceous plants become less abundant (Musson and Mitsch, 2002). Uses
Lonicera maackii is a poular landscape plant in North America (Bartuszevige, 2004). Geographical range
Native range: China, Korea, Russian Federation, Japan, Turkey (PCA, 2006;GRIN, 2006; Luken and Thieret, 1996)
Known introduced range: United States (USDA, 2007) Local dispersal methods
On animals: Lonicera maackii is dispersed by birds (Bartuszevige, 2004). Management information
Chemical: Glyphosate herbicide is used in foliar treatment of Lonicera maackii. This is not the best method as it also kills the native understory. Stem injection with EZ-Ject lance is considered the most effective means of killing L. maackii (Hartman and McCarthy, 2004). Physical: Hand pulling L. maackii is effective in moist ground, but should be done when the shrub is less than 3 years, otherwise it is likely to resprout. A polaski axe can also be used to get rid of plants (Hartman and McCarthy, 2004). Reproduction
White flowers emerge in spring turning yellow with age (Luken and Thieret, 1996). According to Hutchinon and Vankat (1998), Lonicera maackii "produces numerous red berries that ripen in autumn and are bird dispersed." Lifecycle stages
In warm and moist conditions with light, seeds will germinate in 18 days (Luken and Goessling, 1995). Fruit will not be produced until 3-5 years (Luken and Thieret, 1996). Reviewed by: Expert review underway: Kurt M. Hartman, Ph.D. Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University. United States of America
Compiled by: National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)
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Last Modified: Monday, January 14, 2008
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